我們將介紹一些常見(jiàn)的形近義異介詞短語(yǔ)和其他一些常用介詞短語(yǔ)。(二)形近義異介詞短語(yǔ)辨析

    1. ①all but 幾乎,差一點(diǎn)(almost),；除了……都(all except)

    ②anything but單單除……之外,；根本不……

    ③nothing but 僅僅,只不過(guò)(only, no more than)

    I all but stumbled. 我差一點(diǎn)摔跤,。

    I will eat anything but carrot. 我什么都吃,就是不吃胡蘿卜,。

    He is anything but clever. 他根本不聰明。

    The fellow is nothing but a fool. 那家伙不過(guò)是個(gè)傻瓜而已,。

    2. ①at a time 每次,一次

    ②at one time曾經(jīng),一度(once),；

    同時(shí)(at the same time; simultaneously)He used to abandon his work for many months at a time. 他過(guò)去常常把工作一丟就是好幾個(gè)月。

    At one time she was the chairman of the board. 她曾擔(dān)任董事會(huì)主席,。

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    He was the chairman of the board and at one time he was also the president of the company. 他同時(shí)擔(dān)任董事會(huì)主席和公司總裁,。

    3. ①at no time決不,從不(never; on no occasion)

    ②in no time立即,馬上(in a very brief time)

    At no time did I feel they were being unreasonable. 我從沒(méi)覺(jué)得他們不講理。

    We’ll be there in no time.我們很快就會(huì)到那兒,。

    4. ①for the moment暫時(shí)(as far as the present time is concerned, although perhaps not later)

    ②at the moment此刻,現(xiàn)在(at present time; now)

    ③in a moment很快,一會(huì)兒(very soon)

    For the moment we are content to watch and wait.目前我們甘心在一旁觀察和等待,。(暗含以后不甘于這樣的意味)

    I’m busy at the moment, but I’ll do it later. 這會(huì)兒我很忙,過(guò)后我會(huì)處理這件事的。

    I am on the telephone now, but I will be with you in a moment. 我正打電話,一會(huì)兒就到你那兒去,。

    5. ①at present目前,現(xiàn)在(at the present time or moment; now)

    ②for the present暫時(shí),暫且(temporarily),；就目前而言(as far as the present time is concerned意指某一情形目前存在著,但很可能會(huì)發(fā)生變化)

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    We don’t know at present who will win the election.現(xiàn)在我們還不知道誰(shuí)將在選舉中獲勝。

    For the present she continues with the antibiotics. 目前她還是繼續(xù)使用抗生素,。

    6. ①out of question毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)(without doubt; doubtless),作表語(yǔ)

    ②out of the question不可能的(not to be thought of as possible; not to be done),也作表語(yǔ)

    ③without question毫無(wú)疑問(wèn),毫無(wú)疑義(without arguing or asking why it is necessary),作狀語(yǔ)

    The sabotage is out of question a fresh blow to international peace efforts. 那次陰謀破壞無(wú)疑對(duì)國(guó)際和平努力又是一個(gè)新的打擊,。

    She knew that a holiday was out of the question this year.她知道今年不可能有假期。

    Without question he is the brightest student in the school. 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn),他是全校最聰明的學(xué)生,。

    7. ①for oneself為自己

    ②to oneself 歸于自己

    ③of oneself 由自己構(gòu)成,出于自動(dòng)

    ④in oneself在自身境界中,在自身屬性中

    ⑤by oneself 自動(dòng)地,單獨(dú)地

    She kept the largest apple for herself. 她把最大的蘋(píng)果留給自己,。

    Keep it to yourself. 不要告訴別人。

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    You must have done something to it —it cannot break of itself. 你一定碰它了——它不會(huì)自己破的,。

    London forms a county by itself. 倫敦單獨(dú)就是一個(gè)郡,。

    London seems a world of itself. 倫敦本身好像就是個(gè)世界。

    London is a little world in itself.倫敦城里就是一個(gè)小型世界,。

    8. ①on the contrary表示完全不贊同某一說(shuō)法并提出與該說(shuō)法"正相反,恰恰相反"的事實(shí)

    ②by / in contrast用于表示兩個(gè)極不相同的事實(shí)之間的明顯差異,意為"與此形成對(duì)照,；相比之下"

    —Does it rain a lot in the desert? 沙漠里下雨多嗎？

    —On the contrary, it hardly ever rains. 恰恰相反,那兒幾乎從不下雨,。

    By/In contrast, our use of oil has increased enormously. 相比之下,我們的石油用量增長(zhǎng)巨大,。

    9. ①at the cost of 以(某物)為代價(jià),以犧牲某人的生命為代價(jià)

    ②at the expense of由……支付費(fèi)用,以(損害或損失)……為代價(jià)

    He saved the girl from drowning at the cost of his own life. 他舍身把溺水的姑娘救出來(lái)。

    His successful career was at the expense of his social life. 他成功的職業(yè)生涯是以犧牲社交生活為代價(jià)的,。

    10. ①in the face of 面對(duì),縱然遭遇(困難,、問(wèn)題等)而

    ②in the presence of / in one’s presence 某人在場(chǎng)的情況下,當(dāng)著某人的面

    ③in front of也可表示當(dāng)著某人的面

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    They carry on smiling in the face of adversity. 面對(duì)逆境,他們?nèi)匀槐３治⑿Α?/span>

    He signed his name in the presence of two witnesses. 他當(dāng)著兩位證人的面簽下自己的名字。

    Don’t talk about that in front of the children. 別當(dāng)著孩子的面談那件事情,。

    (三)一些其他常用介詞短語(yǔ)

    1. 表示"簡(jiǎn)言之"in a / one word, in sum, in short, in brief

    2. 表示"總的來(lái)說(shuō),大體上"on the whole, in general

    3. 表示"事實(shí)上"in truth, in effect, in fact, as a matter of fact

    4. 表示"有時(shí),間或"on and off, on occasions, once in a while, at times, from time to time

    5. 表示"偶然"by chance, by accident

    6. 表示"突然"all at once, all of a sudden

    7. 表示"至多"at best, at most

    8. 表示"代替"instead of, in place of

    9. 表示"最后,終于"at last, at length, in the end, in time (最后,終于,；及時(shí))

    10. 表示"究竟,到底"in the world, on earth

    11. 表示"從今以后"from now on, in future

    12. 表示"永久地"for ever (永遠(yuǎn)), for good (永久地,決定性地), once and for all (一勞永逸地)

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    13. 從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)說(shuō)來(lái)in the long run14. 從短期來(lái)看,眼下in the short run以上我們介紹了一些大學(xué)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中常見(jiàn)的介詞短語(yǔ)。在我們以后的學(xué)習(xí)中一定還會(huì)遇到很多其他的介詞短語(yǔ),希望同學(xué)們注意總結(jié),這對(duì)提高你們的英語(yǔ)應(yīng)用能力定會(huì)大有裨益,。

    牛刀小試

    I.選擇適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~短語(yǔ)填空,。

    without question in the long runto itself regardless of at the expense of

    1. He succeeded in business _______ his personal life.

    2. They obeyed me ________.

    3. It deserves a paragraph ________.

    4. This measure inevitably means higher taxes ________.

    5. Every man in this country has the right to live where he wants to, ________ the color of his skin.

    II.判斷下列句子中介詞短語(yǔ)用得是否恰當(dāng),并將不當(dāng)之處改正。

    1. You must finish the negotiation in the week in front of the meeting.2. The two groups were similar with respect to income and status.

    3. As to tax, that will be deducted from your salary.

    4. That’s nothing but true.

    5. His speech was short and at all points.

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    答案及解析

    I.

    1. 答案：at the expense of,。句意：他經(jīng)商成功是以犧牲個(gè)人生活為代價(jià)的,。

    2. 答案：without question。句意：毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)他們服從我。

    3. 答案：to itself,。句意：這一點(diǎn)應(yīng)該有一整段來(lái)專門論述,。

    4. 答案：in the long run。句意：從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看,，這項(xiàng)舉措的結(jié)果就是要多納稅,。

    5. 答案：regardless of。句意：不論膚色如何,，該國(guó)的每一個(gè)人都有權(quán)在自己喜歡的地方居住,。

    II.

    1. 錯(cuò)。分析：in front of 應(yīng)改為prior to,，in front of 強(qiáng)調(diào)空間關(guān)系,，本句表達(dá)時(shí)間關(guān)系，因而選用prior to更恰當(dāng),。句意：你們必須得在開(kāi)會(huì)前一周內(nèi)完成談判,。

    2. 對(duì)。分析：本句中介詞短語(yǔ)with respect to表達(dá)的意思是“就而言”,，使用正確,，沒(méi)有疑義。也可用in terms of,，in respect to等介詞短語(yǔ),。句意：這兩組在收入和地位方面是相似的。

    3. 對(duì),。分析：本句使用as to合適,，能清楚表達(dá)本句含義，還可使用as for / as regards等,。句意：至于稅款,，將從你薪水中扣除。

    4. 錯(cuò),。分析：本句中的nothing but true意義表達(dá)模糊,，且不符合英語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣，建議改為“That’s anything but true.”,。句意：那絕不是真的。

    5. 錯(cuò),。分析：本句中的at all points的意思為“完全地”,，相當(dāng)于completely，用于此處不恰當(dāng),。本句應(yīng)為“His speech was short and to the point.”,。句意：他的講話簡(jiǎn)明中肯。